Tai made her debut in the international tournament in 2007 Vietnam International. In 2009, she won the silver medal at the Asian Junior Championships, lost the final match to Chen Xiaojia in straight games. She represented Kaohsiung City in the National Games and went into the quarter-finals. Young Tai began to show her potential when she was 15 years old, able to compete at senior level and become runner-up at the Vietnam Open a Grand Prix tournament. In December, Tai competed at the East Asian Games for Chinese Taipei and won a bronze medal in the women’s singles and helped the team reaching the final, settled for a silver.

In 2010, she entered the big stage by competing in the Superseries event in Korea Open. In April, she participated at the World Junior Championships in Mexico, but had to retired in the quarter-finals of 9–16 places due to injury. In June, she experienced the most memorable thing during her career as a badminton player, where she reached her first Superseries finals at her birthday in Singapore Open. She started in the qualifying draw and went on to reach the final, which she lost to Saina Nehwal in straight games.

In 2011, Tai made good progress by defeating the top ranked player. She defeated Zhu Lin in the first round of Australian Open, Wang Xin in the first round of Indonesia Open, and in July, she beat former World Champion Lu Lan in the quarter-finals of U.S. Open a Grand Prix Gold tournament, and beat World Junior silver medalists Sayaka Sato in the final, which became the first international title she won at the age of 17. She also reached in to the semi-finals of Canada, Vietnam, and French Open, where in France, she defeat China’s number 1 Wang Shixian in the quarter-finals.

In the early half of 2012 season, her best achievements was the semi-finalists in All England Open, and was ranked as world number 16. Tai represented her country as the second women’s singles behind Cheng Shao-chieh at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The 18 years old, currently ranked 13th in the world and seeded 10th won all matches in the group stage defeating Anu Nieminen of Finland and Victoria Montero of Mexico. Her pace at the Olympics stopped by the eventual gold medalists from China Li Xuerui in the round of 16. In September, she claimed her first Superseries title in the Japan Open and made history as the youngest player to win the Superseries title (currently the third youngest player, after Ratchanok Intanon won the India Open in 2013, and Akane Yamaguchi won the Japan Open 2013). She was expected may be nearing the upper echelons and future of the women’s game, by her victory in Japan and increasingly impressive performances by significant wins over some of the top players. In October, she won the Chinese Taipei Open against Lindaweni Fanetri in a close rubber games 21–19, 20–22, 22–20. In November, she competed as the top seeded at the World Junior Championships in Chiba, Japan, but felt down in the quarter-finals to Sun Yu.

In August 2013, she was recruited by the team Banga Beats to play for them in the Indian Badminton League. In the 2013 BWF Super Series Masters Finals, she defeated Sung Ji-hyun and Porntip Buranaprasertsuk but lost to Wang Shixian. She made it into the semifinals and successfully avenged her loss, beating Wang Shixian. She ended second after losing the final to Li Xuerui.

Tai represented her country at the 2014 Asian Games and won Chinese Taipei’s first badminton medal by placing third. She won the Hong Kong Open in 2014 after beating Nozomi Okuhara of Japan in straight sets, 21–19, 21–11. She extended her winning streak to the Superseries Finals in Dubai and won the first title for Chinese Taipei in the Superseries finals by beating Sung Ji-hyun in straight sets.

In 2015, she was beaten by Sun Yu in the Singapore Open. She did not win any title that year.

In 2016, Tai won the Indonesia Open and the Hong Kong Open to reach World No. 1 for the first time in her career. She won the Superseries Finals in Dubai for the second time, becoming the second women’s singles player to do so (after Li Xuerui in 2012 and 2013). She also made history by becoming the first women’s singles player to reach the finals in the Superseries Finals three times.

Before the 2017 season started, Tai announced that she would skip that year’s World Championships in Glasgow. Tai decided to attend the 2017 Summer Universiade not only out of a desire to earn a title for her home country but also for the bigger picture. Since the Summer Universiade was by far the biggest sporting event held in her home country, only second to the Olympic Games, Tai wanted to welcome the world to see Taiwan. President Tsai commended Tai’s decision. She won the Special Contribution Award in 2017 Sports Elite Awards.

Tai won her first All England Open title in March 2017, beating Ratchanok Intanon in the finals. In April, Tai won the Malaysia Open as well as the Singapore Open beating Carolina Marín in the finals two times in two weeks. Her titles in Malaysia and Singapore were her fourth and fifth consecutive ones. Later in April, she won her another title against Akane Yamaguchi in the Asian Championships held in Wuhan, China, marking a sixth consecutive title. It was also the first gold medal for Taiwan in this competition.

After winning 3 matches in the 2017 Sudirman Cup, Tai had extended her winning streak to 27 matches, before losing to Nitchaon Jindapol in the quarterfinals.

The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.

In 2018, Tai starting the season participated in the Malaysian Master in which she defeated Chen Yufei in the quarter final and Carolina Marín in a thrilling semi final, coming from a game down, but lost to Ratchanok Intanon in final. A week later, at the Indonesian Master, she won the title after defeating Saina Nehwal of India.

In the 2018 BWF World Championship’s third round, she defeated Zhang Beiwen from the United States in straight games (21–19, 21–14) and broke the record of the longest winning streak with 31 consecutive matches won (Indonesia Masters, All England Open, Asian Championships, Uber Cup, Malaysia Open, Indonesia Open, BWF World Championships), while the former record of 30 wins was held by Li Xuerui from China. However, she then lost in the next round to China’s He Bingjiao 18–21, 21–7, 13–21.

In the 2018 Asian Games, held in Jakarta, she won the gold medal by beating P. V. Sindhu in a straight set in the final, became her first big title in her career. After crowning the women’s singles’ title of 2018 Denmark Open, her ranking points will coming to 101,517. She becomes the second player in the women’s singles category to break 100,000 points, whose the first is Li Xuerui from China, led the points by 101,644. Although she lost the final game of 2018 French Open, she still won 9,350 points, by deleted the 2017 French Open 9,200 points, her points comes to 101,667 eventually, becomes the highest points holder in the women’s singles category history. Tai qualified to compete at the World Tour Finals and placed as the top seeds. In the group stage, she was placed in Group A along with Akane Yamaguchi, P. V. Sindhu and Beiwen Zhang. In her first match, she defeated Zhang 21–15, 21–17; lost to Sindhu 21–14, 16–21, 18–21. However, she retired with an injury in her third group stage match against Yamaguchi after losing the first game 17–21 and trailing 12–11 in the second game. Tai did not reveal the nature of the injury or how it occurred.

In 2019, she reached the quarterfinal stage of Malaysia Masters, losing to the same opponent of last year and arch-rival Ratchanok Intanon in straight games. In March, she advanced to the final of All England Open for the third straight time, however she unexpectedly lost to the Chinese Chen Yufei, after 11 straight victories over her. She came back and claimed back to back titles at Malaysia Open and Singapore Open; beating Japanese Akane Yamaguchi and Nozomi Okuhara respectively in finals in two straight games. In July, she was unable to defend her title at the Indonesia Open, after defeated in the semi-finals to Akane Yamaguchi. Her Jinx at World Championships continued further after she lost to P. V. Sindhu of India in the quarter-finals in 3 games 21–12, 21–23, 19–21. This was her 5th Straight quarterfinal loss at the World Championships.